Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment formed during the breakdown of red blood cells.
Causes of Jaundice: Jaundice can occur due to various underlying conditions that affect the normal metabolism or excretion of bilirubin. Common causes include:
- Liver Diseases: Such as hepatitis (viral infections), cirrhosis, or alcoholic liver disease.
- Obstruction of bile ducts: Due to gallstones, tumors, or strictures.
- Hemolytic disorders: Where red blood cells are broken down rapidly, leading to increased bilirubin production.
- Medications: Some drugs can impair liver function or cause hemolysis.
- Infections: Such as malaria or sepsis.
Symptoms of Jaundice:
- Yellowing of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
- Dark urine and pale stools.
- Itchy skin (pruritus).
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Abdominal pain (depending on the cause).
Consultation with Dr. Shraddha Sharma: For personalized evaluation and treatment of jaundice, consult with Dr. Shraddha Sharma, Udaipur’s leading gastroenterologist and hepatologist. Her expertise ensures comprehensive care tailored to your specific needs, emphasizing patient education and support throughout the treatment process.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various tests including blood tests to measure bilirubin levels, liver function tests, imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan), and sometimes liver biopsy.
Treatment Options: Treatment for jaundice depends on the underlying cause:
- Management of Underlying Condition: If jaundice is due to liver disease, treatment focuses on managing the liver condition with medications, lifestyle changes (such as avoiding alcohol), and sometimes surgical interventions.
- Removing Obstructions: Procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or surgery may be necessary to remove bile duct obstructions.
- Medications: Specific medications may be prescribed to treat underlying infections or to reduce bilirubin levels.
- Supportive Care: This includes addressing symptoms like itching with antihistamines or bile acid sequestrants and ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration.
Prevention: Prevention strategies depend on the cause of jaundice but generally include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, getting vaccinated against hepatitis, and promptly treating infections.